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Ozempic (semaglutide): A Weight Loss Injection
Ozempic, containing the active ingredient semaglutide, is a prescription medication developed by Novo Nordisk.
It is administered as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection via pre-filled pens (doses ranging from 0.25 mg to 2 mg), it mimics the GLP-1 hormone, enhancing insulin production, reducing liver sugar release, and slowing digestion, which also aids appetite control and weight loss. Recent approvals, including by NICE in December 2024 and the FDA in January 2025, extend its use to reduce risks of kidney decline, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with type 2 diabetes and related conditions.
Clinical trials demonstrate significant benefits: it lowers HbA1c by 1.4%-1.6%, with 70%-73% of patients achieving under 7%, and promotes 12%-15% average weight loss, sustained over three years in some studies.
It generated $39 billion in U.S. sales, with 1.7 million prescriptions filled, reflecting its popularity.
However, side effects like nausea (15.8%-20.3%), vomiting, and diarrhea are common, and rare risks include pancreatitis and potential thyroid tumors, necessitating caution in patients with relevant histories.
Emerging research suggests broader benefits, such as reduced risks of Alzheimer’s and addiction, though digestive and joint issues are noted concerns.
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